Horticulturists recommend planting trees with the bud union well above the soil level to avoid scion rooting, but the higher the bud union, the more dwarfing the tree will be. Dr. Bruce Barritt, retired Washington State University horticulturist, said it’s been well documented in European studies that the higher the trees are planted, the greater the dwarfing effect will be, at least with the Malling 9 rootstock. Writing in the July 2008, edition of the Australian Fruitgrower magazine, technical editor Dr. Gordon Brown discusses research conducted from the 1970s to the 1990s by Dr. M.S. Parry at East Malling, England, […]