Peach and nectarine trees in France cost the equivalent of U.S.$16, including royalties. In the nursery, mechanical hedgers are used to trim the trees. The most commonly used stone-fruit rootstock is GF.305. The Redwinter apple, a variety from New Jersey, was the first variety launched with a marketing plan and is considered the first managed variety, according to Philippe Toulemonde of France’s Star Fruits. New plant material protection laws in Europe in the 1990s gave licensees the ability to follow fruit through the distribution channels to the supermarket and enforce patents and breeder rights. “Before, we could only go after […]